Topographic data refers to detailed maps or models that represent the physical features of a particular area, such as elevation, terrain, and landforms. This data is typically collected through various methods such as LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) technology, aerial photography, and GPS surveys. Topographic data is valuable for a wide range of applications, including urban planning, natural resource management, environmental monitoring, and disaster response. Researchers use topographic data to analyze and visualize the landscape characteristics of a region to better understand its geography and make informed decisions.